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Kapa haka is the term for Māori performing arts and literally means to form a line (kapa) and dance (haka). Kapa haka is an avenue for Maori people to express and showcase their heritage and cultural Polynesian identity through song and dance. Kapa haka dates back to pre-European times where it developed from all traditional forms of Maori pastimes; haka, mau rakau (Maori weaponry), poi (ball attached to rope or string) and moteatea (traditional Maori songs). These everyday activities were influential to the development of kapa haka. A kapa haka performance involves choral singing, dance and movements associated in the hand-to-hand combat practiced by Māori in mainly precolonial times, presented in a synchronisation of action, timing, posture, footwork and sound. The genre evolved out of a combination of European and Māori musical principles. == Performance practice == The work of a kapa haka consists of the performance of a suite of songs and dances spanning several types of Māori music and dance, strung together into a coherent whole. Music and dance types that normally appear are ''waiata tira'' (warm-up song), ''whakaeke'' (entrance song), ''waiata-ā-ringa'' (action song), ''haka'' (challenge), ''pou'' or ''mōteatea'' (old-style singing), ''poi'' (co-ordinated swinging of balls attached to cords), and ''whakawātea'' (closing song). They may also include ''tītī tōrea'' (synchronised manipulation of thin sticks). In a full performance, which can last up to 40 minutes, each music or dance type may appear more than once. Music for kapa haka is primarily vocal. All song types, with the notable exceptions of mōteatea and haka, are structured around European-style harmony, frequently with guitar accompaniment and acoustics. Spurts of haka-style declamation are woven into the songs, as are dance movements, facial expressions and other bodily and aural signals unique to Māori. Song poetry is completely in Māori and new material is continually being composed. The sole musical instruments used in kapa haka performances are the guitar, the ''pūtatara'' conch shell, the sounds of ''poi'' and ''rākau'' (see below) and body percussion, especially the stamping of feet. Kapa haka are mixed groups of anywhere between several and dozens of people, dressed in neo-traditional Māori dress. These groups comprise individuals linked in some way, be it by extended family group, ''iwi'' (tribe), school, or some other association. Performers are largely synchronised, but with men sometimes doing some actions while women do others. A few performers have particular roles, such as the ''kaitataki'' (male and female leaders), often moving among the performers to urge them on. Composers, arrangers, choreographers and costume designers also play major roles. Every two years, kapa haka from all parts of New Zealand compete in (Te Matatini ), New Zealand's national Māori performing arts competition for adult groups. Another important competition takes place yearly at the ASB Bank Auckland Secondary Schools Māori and Pacific Islands Cultural Festival, commonly known as Polyfest, where the level of performance is also very high. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kapa haka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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